Journal: Science translational medicine

Article Title: Bi-hormonal Closed-Loop Blood Glucose Control for Type 1 Diabetes

doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000619

Figure Lengend Snippet: Venous BG levels measured every 5 minutes with the GlucoScout™ (black circles) are shown in the top graph of Panel A for one of the six subjects who did not develop treatment-requiring hypoglycemia and, in retrospect, had relatively fast insulin lispo PK, and in the top graph of Panel B for one of the five subjects who required multiple 15-g carbohydrate treatments for hypoglycemia (indicated along the timeline by black triangles) and had slower lispro PK. Hourly confirmation values (red stars) obtained with the YSI are superimposed on the BG trace and meals are indicated along the timeline by rectangles with the percentage of daily calories of each meal indicated. Results from the repeat closed-loop experiment for the subject in Panel B using the slower PK parameter settings is shown in Panel C. The middle graph in each panel shows each bolus of insulin (vertical blue bars with negative amplitudes) and glucagon (vertical red bars with positive amplitudes) issued by the algorithm. The bottom graph in each panel shows the model-estimated (green circles) and measured (blue squares) insulin levels. The black line is the best fit of the bi-exponential PK model to the measured insulin levels (see Supplementary Appendix for further details).

Article Snippet: Insulin lispro was delivered by two pumps, one containing U- 100 lispro and the second containing U-10 lispro (diluted with Sterile Diluent for Humalog ® , Eli Lilly) to allow dosing resolution of 0.005 units.

Techniques:

Journal: Science translational medicine

Article Title: Bi-hormonal Closed-Loop Blood Glucose Control for Type 1 Diabetes

doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000619

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of closed-loop experiments.

Article Snippet: Insulin lispro was delivered by two pumps, one containing U- 100 lispro and the second containing U-10 lispro (diluted with Sterile Diluent for Humalog ® , Eli Lilly) to allow dosing resolution of 0.005 units.

Techniques:

Journal: Science translational medicine

Article Title: Bi-hormonal Closed-Loop Blood Glucose Control for Type 1 Diabetes

doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000619

Figure Lengend Snippet: Venous BG and measured insulin lispro levels are shown, respectively, in Panels A and B for the six subjects who did not develop treatment-requiring hypoglycemia, and in Panels C and D for the five subjects who required one or more carbohydrate treatments for hypoglycemia during the initial experiments using the controller configured with the fast lispro PK parameter settings (tmax=33 min), and in Panels E and F for the repeat experiments using the controlle configured with the slow PK setting (tmax=65 min). Each 15-g carbohydrate intervention for hypoglycemia is indicated along the timeline in Panel C with a color-coded triangle.

Article Snippet: Insulin lispro was delivered by two pumps, one containing U- 100 lispro and the second containing U-10 lispro (diluted with Sterile Diluent for Humalog ® , Eli Lilly) to allow dosing resolution of 0.005 units.

Techniques:

Journal: Science translational medicine

Article Title: Bi-hormonal Closed-Loop Blood Glucose Control for Type 1 Diabetes

doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000619

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cumulative venous BG levels are shown in Panel A for the six subjects who did not develop treatment-requiring hypoglycemia, and in Panel C for the five subjects who required one or more carbohydrate treatments for hypoglycemia during the initial experiments using the controller configured with the fast lispro PK parameter settings (tmax=33 min), and in Panel E for the repeat experiments using the controller configured with the slow PK settings (tmax=65 min). Shown in parallel with Panels A, C, and E are the corresponding graphical representations of each subjects’ simulated insulin profiles (Panels B, D, and E) derived, retrospectively, from the measured lispro levels in Panels A, C, and E and portrayed as the lispro levels after a single insulin bolus (see Supplementary Appendix for further details). Whereas the fast PK parameter settings resulted in model-estimated PK that was faster than any subject's measured PK (Panels B and D), the slow PK parameter settings resulted in model-estimated PK that fell between the fastest and slowest subjects’ measured PK in the repeat experiments (Panel F). When the measured insulin PK (solid curves in Panels B and F) was closer to the model-estimated PK used by the control algorithm (black hatched curve in Panels B and F), the time spent in the ADA glycemic target range was greater, with no treatment-requiring hypoglycemia (Panels A and E); however, when the measured insulin levels were discrepant from the model-estimated PK used by the control algorithm (Panel D), blood glucose levels were both higher and lower than the ADA target range with hypoglycemia requiring intervention (Panel C).

Article Snippet: Insulin lispro was delivered by two pumps, one containing U- 100 lispro and the second containing U-10 lispro (diluted with Sterile Diluent for Humalog ® , Eli Lilly) to allow dosing resolution of 0.005 units.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Control